In the January edition of the China Report, author Lou Schwartz writes about China's Solar, Bio, Geothermal, Hyrdo and Wind Industry developments as well as new policies in the Shangdong province that will open the door for large amounts of new solar installations in the area.

China's Solar Industry

Northern China’s largest solar illuminated ecological district--- the Jinan city, Tangzhi New City--- recently formally began operating; this also is Shandong Province’s first solar powered ecological residential district. The heart of the Tangzhi New City are 61 residential towers which are using Linuo Paradigma’s solar hot water heaters, 15 kw solar PV power plant for the lighting systems (216 street lights and other public lighting), which will save 70,000 + Yuan in electric costs.

The 2008 3rd Asia Solar Energy and Photovoltaic Engineering Exhibition will be held from March 5 through March 7, 2008 at the Shanghai World Trade and Commerce Center. To date 200 companies have registered for this exhibition, 30% of which are foreign companies. On March 5th the Asian PV Industry Conference will be held; on March 6th both the Solar PV Project Promotion Conference and the Silicon Materials Negotiations will be conducted; and on March 7th the UL Sino-U.S. Certification PV Industry Discussion will be held. For further information call 86+21-6592-9965 or e-mail info@aiexpo.com.cn.

China already is the world’s largest producer and consumer of solar hot water heaters, presently accounting for more than one-half of the world’s output and consumption. It is estimated that by 2010 the coverage area of installed solar hot water heaters in China will be approximately 100 million square meters; the market for solar hot water heaters is projected to be 60 billion Yuan by that time. After 2008 the rate of growth of adoption of solar hot water heaters is expected to be 20%-30%; if 1/4th of China’s population use solar hot water heaters then by 2020 the market for solar hot water heaters will grow to 270 square meters. Through the end of 2007 sales in China of solar hot water heaters was 10 times that of Europe with approximately 35 million Chinese households having one. Chinese households that use solar hot water heaters spend 12%-20% less in power costs. In certain cities the use of solar hot water heaters is very large; perhaps the most significant city in terms of adoption of solar hot water heaters is Rizhao in Shandong Province. It is estimated that 99% of center city residents use solar to heat their water. Other cities also have a significant amount of its residents using solar hot water heat; another example is Kunming in Yunnan Province where fully one-half of its 4.7 million residents use solar hot water heaters. In 2006 the value of solar hot water heater output totaled $25 million U.S.D. The cheapest solar hot water heater in China costs approximately $150 U.S.D., which is commensurate with the cost of a regular hot water heater. There are now approximately 2000 companies that are in the business of manufacturing solar hot water heaters and competition is said to be fierce. An example of one well established company is Beijing’s Senpu Solar Energy Company which was established in the 1980s and in 2006 won a contract for 45000 units

Through the end of 2007 China had 28,000 farming villages (7 million families or 30 million people) that still were without any power and 60% of places in China experienced power shortages. The vast majority of these areas, though, are places where solar resources are rich and the market potential for photovoltaic production is large. At present China has approximately 15 MW of photovoltaic power generating output capacity.


China's Wind Power Industry

The first two wind turbines of Zhejiang Province’s first large scale wind power project---the Cixi Wind Farm Project-- were connected to the power grid and began generating power on December 30, 2007 near Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. The Cixi Wind Farm is a joint venture project of the Yangze River New Energy Development Co., Ltd. and the Cixi Wind Power Development Co., Ltd. This demonstration project plans to install thirty-three 1.5 MW turbines to produce a total of 49.5 MW of wind power. The project’s total investment is 600 million Yuan. Construction began on the project in November 2006. There are an additional three turbines which will begin operating and be grid connected in February 2008 and all of the remaining turbines are expected to be operating by the end of 2008. Despite having very good wind resources, Ningbo previously did not have any wind farms. The Cixi Wind Farm is expected to generate approximately 100 million Kwh of power, which output will bring about a savings of approximately 40,000 tpy of coal equivalents.

Though their natural resources are in the mid-range among all provinces, by 2007 Jilin Province had the fourth largest concentration of wind farms in China with total installed capacity of wind power approaching 220 MW; this capacity equals approximately 4% of total installed power generating capacity in Jilin Province. Though 4% of total installed capacity doesn’t sound like a large number, the estimates are for wind power to account for just 1% of total installed capacity nationwide as of 2010. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of Jilin Province’s wind power development is that these accomplishments were achieved in just 7 years.

One point five megawatt (1.5MW) wind mill blades measuring 40.25 meters long---the largest wind mill blades to be manufactured in China to date---are now being manufactured in China by the China Materials Science and Technology Wind Power Blades Joint Stock Co., Ltd. The company’s development center is located in Beijing’s Economic and Technology Development Zone and its mould making manufacturing facilities and blade production plant are located in Beijing’s Badaling Economic Development Zone. The blades, which were just produced are referred to as Sinoma 40.2; these were produced in conjunction with a German wind blade designer. The diameter of the blades is two meters across. Presently China Materials has a demonstration production line, which is capable of producing 10 sets of moulds/year and 200 sets (600 blades) of Sinoma 40.2 wind mill blades/year. China Materials has agreements with wind turbine manufacturers and already has supplied 30 wind mill blades, of which 5 sets are being installed in wind farms in China’s Northeast. China Materials is developing blades for a 2.5 MW class wind mill and anticipates have 5 series of wind mill blade products by 2010.

According to the China Climate Science Research Institute, China has wind resources totaling 3.22 million MW--the most of any country in the world and the amount which can be developed is 1 million MW or more, including 253,000 MW of land-based wind power capacity and 750,000 MW of off-shore wind power generating capacity. The areas, which have the richest wind resources are China’s Northwest, the northern part of North China, Northeast China and the coastal areas in Southeast China.

In mid-January 2008 the Development and Reform Commission and the Climate Bureau of Shaanxi Province jointly issued the {Notice Concerning Standardizing the Administrative Work in Overseeing and Appraising Province-wide Wind Power Resources}. The Notice provides that the everyday work of overseeing and appraising wind resources is within the purview of the provincial level department in charge of climate and no activity can be pursued without having gone through this department or entities which have been authorized by the department in charge of climate for Shaanxi Province. Test wind mills are to be approved by the department in charge of climate for Shaanxi Province and be reported to the Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission for the record.

According to Steve Sawyer, the secretary of the Global Wind Energy Council in 2009 China will become the world’s largest producer of wind turbines. The GWEC estimates that China’s installed base of wind power generating capacity will grow from 4000 MW at present to 10,000 MW as of the end of 2009. Though China has yet to export wind turbines, China’s two largest wind turbine manufacturers---Jin Feng (Golden Wind) and Hua Rui---have plans to export in 2009 and 2010.

China's Hydropower Industry

Construction on China’s third largest hydroelectric power plant---the Xiang Jia Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant---is progressing. Before December 2008 the main tributary, which will provide water for the dam project, will be dammed up, putting the project on track to begin generating power in 2012 with all construction completed by 2015. The total planned installed capacity of the Xiang Jia Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant is 6000 MW, which will produce 30.7 billion kwh/year of electricity. The power generated by the Xiang Jia Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant will be transported by high tension power lines to China’s central and eastern provinces. In addition to providing power the 900+ million cubic meter catch basin will help Chongqing, Zhouzhou, Yibin (where the dam is located) and other cities to achieve national flood prevention standards. When completed the Xiang Jia Dam Reservoir will provide water to irrigate approximately 37 million Mu of land in 14 counties and cities that are downstream from the Xiang Jia Dam. The ~30 billion kwh/year of electricity which will be generated by the Xiang Jia Dam would replace coal fired plants that now consume ~ 14 million tpy of coal and emit 25 million tpy of carbon dioxide, 170,000 tpy of nitrogen dioxide and 300,000 tpy of sulfur dioxide.


China's Bio-Mass Energy and Bio-Fuels Industries

Guangxi Province’s “1 Million Mu Bio-Fuel Forest Project” commenced on January 9, 2008. The plan is for Guangxi Province to develop a 1 million Mu (~165,000 acres) jatropha tree (also known as a “small tung oil tree”) forest, which experts say will yield in excess of 160,000 MT of bio-diesel fuel worth 640 million Yuan. On January 9th the Guangxi Zhilian Renewable Energy Co., Ltd. entered into an agreement with the Guangxi Forestry Science and Technology Institute which provided for Guangxi Zhilian Renewable Energy Co. to invest 500 million Yuan in the development of the jatropha tree forest and another 200 million Yuan in the construction of a modern bio-diesel refinery and production lines for related products. The jatropha tree is an ideal bio-diesel fuel source because it is able to grow in inhospitable climates and terrains. The jatropha tree will yield fruit for 30 years and every 10 Mu of jatropha trees will yield approximately 3 MT of seeds, which in turn have 60% or greater oil content, so that 3 MT of seeds will yield 1 MT of crude oil or 0.98 MT of bio-diesel after further refining. Besides Guangxi Province, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Fujian Provinces all have begun to develop jatropha tree forests. According to Su Huihua, the chairman of the board of Guangxi Zhilian Renewable Energy Co. the company will develop jatropha forests in Nanning, Baise, Hechi and Guilin, among other places, utilizing areas that are not suitable for cultivating crops to create large scale “green oil fields”.

Both the {National Long and Mid-term Science and Technology Development Plan}, which was promulgated in 2006, and {The Bio-Industry Development Plan} of 2007 both take research and development into bio-fuels as their focal point. In the 11th 5-Year Plan Period, the central government is increasing its investment in research and development of bio-fuels, and the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Ministry of Agriculture all have established special projects with more than 800 million Yuan in research and development investment in bio-energy. In September, 2007, the Chinese government issued the {Mid to Long-term Development Plan for Renewable Energy}, which established bio-energy as an important constituent part of renewable energy, set concrete development objectives for bio-energy through 2020 and made bio-energy development as a focus of economic development for localities which are rich in bio-mass resources.

In 2006, China’s ethanol production was about 3.5 million tons, of which fuel ethanol output was 1.3 million tons, the third largest such output in the world. Output of bio-diesel from waste oils reached 60,000 tons in 2006 and production of methane in villages exceeded 170 million cubic meters. COFCO, the Fortune 500 Chinese diversified agri-business, food and bio-energy company, is building three ethanol companies; Sinopec and PetroChina also are building bio-fuel plants in Guangxi, Xinjiang, Hebei, and Sichuan Provinces. There are also dozens of privately run companies in bio-fuel development, like the Shandong Jinyimeng Group which, using cassava as its raw materials, produces 200,000 tpy of ethanol and has invested in the development of a plant to produce 150,000 tons of bio-butanol. Another example is the Fujian Longyan New Energy Co., which uses waste food oils to produce bio-ethanol and has successfully gone public in England, becoming the world’s first public company to commercially use discarded waste oil to produce bio-diesel.

In 2006, China imported 145 million tons of crude oil, and its reliance on foreign sources of oil totaled 44% of its energy needs. Consumption of fuel oil for vehicles accounted for 35% of oil consumption in China, and demand for fuel oil is growing at the rate of 15-16%/year. To satisfy domestic demand for vehicle fuel, the country needs to develop fuel ethanol. The National Fuel Ethanol Development Plan has set a target for fuel ethanol use in China as of 2010 at 3 million tpy, increasing to 10 million tpy by 2020. Though China’s population is large and its land mass inadequate for such a large population, there are approximately 212 million hectares of wasteland in China, which, if cultivated properly with appropriate energy-producing plants, could produce the equivalent of 45 million tpy of oil for every 10 million hectares of land used to produce energy crops (the equivalent of one Daqing oil field).


China's Geo-Thermal Industry

The Beijing Huaqing Geothermal Development Co., Ltd., which is a subsidiary of the Huaqing Group, recently was announced as the winning bidder for a comprehensive geothermal heat pump system for the World Expo 2010 Shanghai China. In March 2007 Huaqing Geothermal supplied a “geothermal heat pump + ice-storage energy” integrated air conditioning system to the Yongyou Software Park and in October 2007 Huaqing Geothermal implemented a geothermal heat pump air conditioning system for the Wanguo City project, China’s first buried heat exchanger for a single building; the latter project received strong support from the International Geothermal Heat Pump Association.

According to one Chinese expert one reason why geothermal development has been relatively slow is because the places where high temperature geothermal resources are most abundant are also where hydropower resources are also abundant and presumably the development of hydropower projects have taken precedence over geothermal projects.

China’s largest geothermal installation is Tibet’s Yangbajing Geothermal plant, which uses equipment imported from Italy and has total capacity of 25.18MW. Located northwest of Lhasa, the Yangbajing Geothermal plant provides ~41% of Lhasa’s power needs (up to 60% in the winter).

In early January 2008 the 3rd Geothermal Heat Pump Technology Utilization Conference was held in Beijing. At the conference it was learned that through September 2007 the Beijing area already had constructed 497 water source geothermal heat pump projects, which cumulatively has an installed coverage area of 10.52 million square meters of heating capacity; these projects are growing at an 150%/year pace. The use of geothermal heat pumps has begun to expand throughout China from bases in Beijing and Tianjin. With the exception of Qinghai, Yunnan and Guizhou, all of the other provinces in China are implementing geothermal heat pump projects to a larger or lesser degree. The market opportunity for geothermal heat pumps is said to be in excess of 1 billion Yuan (~$140 million U.S.D.) and is growing at a rate of 20%/year. The rapid development of geothermal heat pump projects in China has been spurred on by policy pronouncements by Beijing, including the January 1, 2006 {Renewable Energy Law} and the June 2007 {Notice of the State Council Concerning Publishing a Comprehensive Work Plan on Energy Conservation and Emissions Reductions}. The city of Beijing also has provided for a one-time subsidy of 50 Yuan/square meter for heat pump projects within the jurisdiction of the city of Beijing. Besides Huaqing Geothermal, other large companies in this sector include Hubei Fengshen, Shandong Chengao and Qinghua Tongfang. There are also large multi-national companies that are involved in this industry, primarily as equipment suppliers; these companies include Clement, CIAT and Mammoth, most of which have or are in the process of establishing joint venture companies in China.

Regional Developments in China's Renewable Energy Industries

At a province-wide meeting about construction on January 14, 2008, the chairman of the Shandong Province Department of Construction said that Shandong Province would implement its “One Million Rooftops Sunshine Plan” which is an effort to incorporate solar power, geothermal power and other renewable energy into buildings in Shandong Province. Related to this effort are new compulsory regulations that have gone into effect in the cities of Yantai and Jinan providing for the integration of solar energy and construction in the design and construction of certain buildings. Shandong Province is home to some of China’s largest solar hot water heater manufacturers, including the largest (Huangming), the fifth largest (Sangle) and the second largest (Lituo Paradigma) solar hot water heater manufacturers; the sales networks of these companies have infiltrated deep into the Shandong countryside where farmers are increasingly receptive to solar power.


Laws and Policies Governing Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development in China

As of January 1, 2008 when the {Shandong Province Village Renewable Energy Regulations} took effect, some renewable energy technologies for farming villages are eligible for subsidies. According to the Shandong regulations, which took effect as of 1/1/08, governments at the county level and above will incorporate into their yearly budgets specialized funds, which will be used to support renewable energy construction in farming villages. The projects, which will be eligible for the subsidies include the production of methane gas from garbage and animal waste to produce power or to be used directly in villages and the use of agricultural waste to produce methane gas or to produce power. The regulations also provide that appropriate subsidies should be made available to villages that use solar power to provide heat and hot water to such public installations as schools, hospitals and old age homes, which are newly constructed or renovated. The regulations apply to any non-fossil fuel energy source, including solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, bio-mass and ocean wave energy. According to the Agriculture Office of the government of Shandong Province, renewable energy use in Shandong Province now accounts for the reduction in 7.6 million tpy of coal equivalents.

On January 1, 2008 the {Implementing Views on the Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction Work of the city of Lianyungang} took effect. The new regulations require the design and installation of solar hot water systems in all new residential buildings up to 12 stories and new construction and renovations or expansions of hotels, restaurants and commercial buildings. Lianyungang is said to enjoy more than 2000 hours/year of sunshine and the city presently has 411,000 families that use solar hot water heaters. The prevalence of solar hot water heaters is as high as 30%, which is much higher than the 10% average throughout China; the adoption of solar hot water heaters is growing in Lianyungang by 28%/year. With the implementation of the new regulations, estimates are for Lianyungang to add an additional 20,000 to 30,000 households in 2008 alone. Lianyungang is said to have 36 solar energy companies whose total output value is approximately 1.5 billion Yuan/annum. A 120 litre solar hot water heater can save 499kg of coal which will not be burned and 1000kwh of power not produced. Based on Lianyungang’s current installation of solar hot water heaters servicing 411,000 families, Lianyungang can save 205,000 tpy of coal and 410 million kwh of power not produced by non-renewable power sources.


CDM Projects and Other Foreign Participation in China’s Renewable Energy Sector

In 2007 thirteen companies in Jiangxi Province had 14 CDM projects registered by the executive board of the UNFCCC. Cumulatively these 14 projects are anticipated to bring about a reduction of approximately 1.2 million tpy of CO2. These projects also will cumulatively earn income from carbon credits equal to 95 million Yuan/annum. The Jiangxi Province CDM projects in 2007 involved hydropower, wind power, the utilization of excess heat, coal bed methane and power generation from garbage, among other projects and the countries that participated in Jiangxi Province CDM projects include France, Japan, Germany, Britain and Holland. Jiangxi Province’s Development and Reform Commission, together with the Science and Technology Office and other Jiangxi Province agencies have commenced an initiative to collect potential new CDM projects in such industries as power, steel, concrete, forestry, water conservation and environmental protection; in furtherance of this effort these agencies established a provincial CDM technical assistance center in August, 2007.

Developments in Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation in China

According to an article published in the Legal System Daily (Fazhi Ribao) on January 16, 2008, the All China Environment Federation is making plans to establish China’s first Environmental Public Interest Law Firm. The Ministry of Justice already has approved the idea and the All China Environment Federation is in the process of applying to the Ministry of Finance for financial support. Lu Keqin, the advisor to the secretary of the All China Environment Federation is quoted explaining that the Legal Assistance Center of the All China Environment Federation, which was established under the authority of the State Environmental Protection Administration, has accepted 212 cases of environmental injury since its inception and “won” (through a judgment, mediation or other resolution) three cases last year. According to Lu Keqin, there are upwards of 100,000 instances of environmental infractions each year, yet less than 1% of those incidents make it to court, underscoring the importance of an environmental public interest law firm.

China’s Energy Production and Consumption

In the Eastern China (Huadong) power grid the total of hydroelectric, nuclear and wind power now accounts for 11% of total power generated. Of these three categories of power, in 2006 hydropower accounted for 43.799 kwh of power generated and nuclear accounted for an additional 22.216 billion kwh of power generated; wind power contributed a negligible additional amount.

The city of Chengdu in Sichuan Province has issued a notice that as of January 4, 2008 all preferential power tariffs for primary aluminum smelters and other large users of power are eliminated. This is in accordance with Notice #3550 (2007) (Notice Concerning Relevant Questions on Further Implementing Differential Power Pricing Policies) issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the State Power Supervisory Committee in late September 2007, which provided that beginning December 25, 2007 for preferential power tariffs in the 0.05-0.10 Yuan/kwh range, the first 0.05 Yuan/kwh preference was to be eliminated; the remainder of the preferential power tariff (up to 0.10 Yuan/kwh) is to be eliminated as of July 1, 2008. Where preferential power tariffs exceed 0.10 Yuan/kwh the remainder of preferences are to be eliminated at the rate of 0.5 Yuan/kwh/year starting on January 1, 2009. Though policies had been put in place as early as 2004 to eliminate preferential power pricing the implementation of those policies at the regional level were “uneven”. The September 2007 Notice recognizes that the earlier policies were insufficient to achieve the underlying objective: restraining the further development of energy intensive industries, including the primary aluminum industry. If the differential power pricing policies are vigorously enforced the average increase in power costs for the primary aluminum industry will be 0.04 Yuan/kwh. It is thought though that because of differences in implementation of these policies throughout China the actual average increase in power cost in 2008 for the primary aluminum industry is likely to be 0.01-0.02 Yuan/kwh. It is also likely that there will be another round of linked “coal—power” increases, which will increase the cost of power generally for industrial users by at least 0.02 Yuan/kwh. Consequently, the combined increases in power costs for the primary aluminum industry in 2008 due to further elimination of differential power pricing and power increases generally in China will total 0.03-0.04 Yuan/kwh.

With the promulgation by the National Development and Reform Commission of the {Aluminum Industry Permitting Standards} in late October 2007, Beijing has embarked on yet another attempt to circumscribe aluminum industry development by establishing higher standards with respect to such criteria as the scale of the production, the technology to be implemented, energy consumption, resource utilization, environmental protection measures, etc. for the development of bauxite mines, alumina refineries, primary aluminum smelting operations, secondary aluminum plants and aluminum fabrication projects. The following is an overview of the key standards, which will apply to applications for new bauxite mining, alumina refining, primary aluminum smelting, secondary aluminum and aluminum processing plants:

Bauxite Mining: Output may not be less than 300,000 tpy; service life must be 15 years or greater; overall energy consumption for underground mining must be less than 25 kg of coal equivalents/MT produced and overall energy consumption for above-ground operations must be less than 13 kg of coal equivalents/MT produced; loss rate for underground mining may not be less than 12% and may not be less than 8% for above-ground operations; and the depletion rate for underground mining must not exceed 10% and may not exceed 8% for above-ground operations.

Alumina Refining: Scale of operations for alumina refineries which will be using domestic bauxite must be 800,000 tpy or greater and the percentage of bauxite from the companies’ own bauxite mining operations must be 85% or greater; overall service life must be 30 years or more; scale of operations for alumina refineries which will be using imported bauxite must be at least 600,000 tpy and 60% or more of the imported bauxite used in the proposed alumina refinery must be derived from long-term contracts (5 years or more) for the supply of bauxite; production must utilize the Bayer method of alumina refining or a combination refining method; energy consumption for newly constructed Bayer method alumina refining operations must be lower than 500kg of coal equivalents/MT of alumina produced and energy consumption for other methods of alumina refining must be less than 800 kg of coal equivalents/MT of alumina produced; the recovery rate for new Bayer method alumina refineries must be 81% or greater, water consumption must be lower than 8 MT/MT of alumina produced and land area of the facility must be less than 1 square meter/MT of alumina produced; the rate of recovery for other technologies must be 90% or greater, water consumption must be lower than 7 MT/MT of alumina produced and land area used must be smaller than 1.2 square meters/MT of alumina produced.

Primary Aluminum: Must be approved by the department in charge within the State Council; must utilize 200KA or greater large scale pre-baked technology and the anode efficacy must be lower than 0.08/pot-day; for new and upgraded facilities the overall energy consumption must be lower than 14300 kwh/MT of primary aluminum produced and the electric current efficiency must be higher than 94%; for existing smelters overall energy consumption must be lower than 14450 kwh/MT of primary aluminum produced and electric current efficiency must be higher than 93%; for new and upgraded facilities alumina consumption must be lower than 1920 kg/MT, net carbide consumption must be lower than 410 Kg/MT, water consumption must be lower than 7 MT/MT and land area used must be less than 3 square meters/MT of primary aluminum produced; for existing facilities alumina consumption must be lower than 1930 kg/MT, net carbide consumption must be lower than 430 Kg/MT and water consumption must be lower than 7.5 MT/MT of primary aluminum produced.

Secondary Aluminum: The scale of new facilities must be 50,000 tpy or greater and the scale of upgraded or expanded operations must be 30,000 tpy or greater; the use of direct burn coal reverberating furnaces is prohibited as well as other reverberating furnaces for secondary aluminum production whose capacity is 4 MT or less.

Aluminum Fabrication: New aluminum fabrication facilities must be principally sheet, strip and foil products or extruded pipe and industrial profile products; integrated multiple product aluminum processing plants must have capacity of 100,000 tpy or greater and must use continuous casting/rolling technology or hot continuous rolling processes; overall energy consumption for new projects must be lower than 350kg of coal equivalents/MT and overall electric power consumption must be lower than 1150kwh/MT of aluminum products produced; existing facilities must adhere to energy consumption limits of 410 kg of coal equivalents/MT and overall power consumption lower than 1250 kwh/MT of aluminum products produced; new facilities’ consumption of metal must be lower than 1025kg/MT of aluminum products produced, including lower than 1015kg/MT for aluminum profiles; overall rate of finished products must be higher than 75% for new facilities and 72% for existing facilities; metal consumption for existing facilities must be lower than 1035 kg/MT of aluminum product produced, including 1020 kg/MT for aluminum profile production.